Molybdenum–tungsten alloys are continuous solid-solution alloys formed by the two group-V elements molybdenum and tungsten, with either molybdenum or tungsten as the base. By adjusting the molar ratio of the two constituents, alloy properties can be tailored to suit different application scenarios. Common grades include Mo-20W, Mo-30W, and Mo-50W. These alloys combine molybdenum’s excellent machinability with tungsten’s outstanding high-temperature resistance and high strength, making them a superior refractory metal alloy material. Due to the close similarity in atomic radius and lattice constant between molybdenum and tungsten, they can be alloyed in any proportion; the melting point increases markedly with increasing tungsten content, ranging from 2620 to 3410°C, while hardness and strength also rise with higher tungsten levels, with room-temperature Vickers hardness reaching 3530–3860 MPa—more than twice that of pure molybdenum—and maintaining good structural stability and mechanical performance even under high-temperature conditions [1][8]. In addition, molybdenum–tungsten alloys exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, particularly strong resistance to erosion by molten zinc, along with favorable thermal and electrical conductivity, low vapor pressure, and creep resistance, enabling long-term stable operation under extreme service conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive environments [1][7].

　　The powder metallurgy method is the most widely used approach for preparing molybdenum–tungsten alloys. This process is simple and efficient, enabling the production of alloy billets with fine grain sizes, which facilitates subsequent plastic deformation. The key steps include mechanically mixing molybdenum powder and tungsten powder in a specified ratio, compacting the mixture into a green body, sintering it at high temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere, and then rolling or forging it into final shapes. The sintering temperature is adjusted between 2150 and 2300°C depending on the tungsten content. In addition, other preparation methods such as vacuum arc melting and vacuum electron-beam melting are also available, allowing for flexible selection based on the desired product performance. With regard to strengthening mechanisms, binary molybdenum–tungsten alloys primarily rely on solid-solution strengthening and strain hardening; when elements such as titanium, zirconium, niobium, and carbon are added, significant precipitation strengthening can be achieved, further enhancing alloy properties.

　　Owing to its outstanding comprehensive performance, molybdenum–tungsten alloy plays a pivotal role in numerous industrial sectors, with applications spanning high-temperature processes, metallurgy, aerospace, electronics, healthcare, and more. In the metallurgical industry, molybdenum–tungsten alloys containing about 30% tungsten are commonly used to fabricate corrosion-resistant components such as molten-zinc pumps, electrolytic zinc electrodes, and zinc-liquid thermowells, significantly extending equipment service life. In high-temperature heat-treatment applications, these alloys serve as sintering-furnace electrodes, flow nozzles, and load-bearing supports, offering substantially longer service lives than pure molybdenum products. In the aerospace sector, their high melting point and excellent ablation resistance make them ideal for critical components such as gas vanes and thermal shields in solid-propellant rocket engines. In the electronics and medical fields, they are employed to manufacture liners for semiconductor equipment and X-ray tube assemblies for CT scanners, thereby enhancing product performance and reliability. As a transitional alloy between molybdenum and tungsten, molybdenum–tungsten alloy can be flexibly utilized across the broad temperature range covered by these two elements, making it an indispensable key material in high-end manufacturing.