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Properties and Wide Applications of Molybdenum and Tungsten
2026-02-02
As members of the same group in the periodic table, molybdenum and tungsten both exhibit a body-centered cubic crystal structure and have very similar atomic radii and lattice constants. This similarity enables them to form continuous solid solutions, thereby facilitating the development of molybdenum–tungsten alloys that combine the advantageous properties of both elements. As typical refractory metals, molybdenum and tungsten possess outstanding high-temperature resistance, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, low coefficients of thermal expansion, and superior wear and corrosion resistance. These unique physicochemical characteristics confer upon them an irreplaceable role in numerous industrial applications.
Pure molybdenum has a melting point as high as 2,620°C, with exceptional toughness and good ductility. It is widely used in the steel industry, where most molybdenum is supplied in the form of pressed industrial molybdenum oxide pellets or ferromolybdenum for use in steelmaking and cast iron production. Molybdenum effectively enhances the strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance of alloy steels, making it an important alloying additive in the steel industry. In addition, molybdenum plays a vital role in electronic devices, petrochemical catalysts, and the glass manufacturing industry. For example, molybdenum electrodes, molybdenum crucibles, and molybdenum core stirring rods—thanks to their outstanding high-temperature resistance and chemical stability—are critical components in glass production.
Tungsten boasts an exceptionally high melting point of 3,410°C and exhibits extraordinary hardness and wear resistance. Tungsten-based cemented carbides are often referred to as the “teeth of industry” and are extensively used in the manufacture of cutting tools, mining drill bits, and wear-resistant components, making them indispensable in machining, mining, and other industries. In addition, tungsten finds critical applications in aerospace, defense, and the electronics information sector; high-purity tungsten powder and tungsten wire are employed in semiconductor packaging, the production of electric light sources, and the fabrication of high-temperature structural components for space applications. Molybdenum–tungsten alloys, by contrast, combine the advantageous properties of both elements; by varying the molybdenum-to-tungsten ratio, materials with tailored performance can be produced for use in high-temperature equipment, sputtering targets for flat-panel displays, and other high-end applications.
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